Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences

In 2004, the Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences will fund 36 Key Program projects with a funding between 1.2 to 3 million yuan per project. In order to encourage competition, promote innovative ideas and ensure that projects with strong innovation get funded by the Key Program, the Department will experiment the free application method, which means that the application and approval processes are within the same year, and that the number of announced projects is greater than the proposed number of funding. Meanwhile, the principle of soliciting extensively proposals for project setup, peer review, panel review and NSFC approval, making announcement of the research directions and contents will be maintained. In 2004, the experiment will be continued in the Division of Physics I. For those key projects listed in special evaluation by panel reviews, the applicant should attend the panel meeting for presentations.

Division of Mathematics

1. Several issues in sub picture cover and sub picture existence
   Research content:
   1) Several problems associated with sub picture cover and sub picture existence;
   2) Coloring problems associated with these problems, Ramsey theory, and surface embodiment in pictures;
   3) Applied basic studies on sub picture cover and sub picture existence in bio informatics and chemical molecular theory.
2. Boltzman equation and related macroscopic models
   Starting form Boltzman equation, this project will study:
   1) Various simplified models and fluid dynamic limit of Euler's equation, hence the appropriateness of total solution to models such as compressible N-S equations;
   2) Appropriateness of free boundary problems in high dimensional incompressible Euler's equation and other models;
   3) Utilization and improvement of the dynamic BGK numerical scheme to study the above equations and closely related numerical simulations.
3. Statistical methods in biomedical science
   Research content:
   1) Data analysis of gene chips and development of network models;
   2) Statistical models of position of complex illness;
   3) Drag properties and risk analysis;
   4) Data analysis for the components of traditional Chinese medicine, and statistical quantitative study of the theories of traditional Chinese medicine.
4. Studies on self-adaptive grid methods in the numerical solution of partial differential equations
   Research contents:
   1) Grid generation method and related grid property study for numerical solution of time independent equations such as elliptic equations;
   2) Moving grid study for numerical solution of parabolic equations and unsteady fluid dynamic equations;
   3) Study of moving grid coordinate transformation in computational fluid dynamics.
5. Studies in Lee group and Lee algebra expression and related topics
   Research content:
   1) Tenth expression of Lee group and related geometric problems;
   2) Application of Lee group and its expression in differential geometry;
   3) Quantumization and expression theory of Lee group and Lee algebra;
   4) Structure and expression of infinite dimensional Lee algebra and related combination algebra.
6. Reverse problem of mathematical physical equations and applications
   Research content:
   1) Reverse problems in industry, such as elliptical and hyperbolic equations in steel industry, elliptical and parabolic equations in oil and prospecting;
   2) Reverse problems in optics and magnetism, such as Maxwell equation and optimal designs;
   3) Reverse problems associated with precision controllability, such as those in mathematical physical equations, unsteady flow in rivers and canals and its applications.

Division of Mechanics

1. Some fundamental mechanical problems in the measurement of mechanical behaviors in micro and nano scales
   Theoretical and experimental studies on key mechanical problems of typical instruments at micro and nano scales (such as nano sclerometer, atomic force microscope, and micro mechanic experimental devices) in the measurement of mechanical behaviors, research on the impact of various surface (interface) forces to the measurement of mechanical behaviors at micro and nano scales, and the exploration of quasi continuous approximate theory associated with micro and nano scale measurement, the development of mechanical theory and analytical methods for the measurement of dynamic systems at micro and nano scales associated with new measurement methods, the development of theoretical methods for experimental data processing that has theoretical reliability and can be verified by experiment for the most commonly used measurement methods and material types.
2. Studies on key mechanical problems for functional gradient materials and structures
   It is to develop static and dynamic theory and numerical computation methods for functional gradient materials and structures (beam, plate and shell), to study damage and failure properties of functional materials and structures with defects under the coupling of mechanical, thermo, electrical and magnetic fields, to study the composition of functional materials and quantitative relations between microscopic structure distribution and macroscopic property of materials, and to develop the optimal design theory for gradient materials under multi-field coupling environment.
3. Study of micro gravitational fluid dynamics
   The aim is to study the basic laws of fluid motion in micro gravity environment, to explore the laws governing the convection and stability induced by variations in gravitational level and the surface process of coupling. The focus of research is on the transition process in the convection driven by surface tension under microscopic gravity environment, surface wave of thermo capillary convection, multi-layer convection and phenomena at the fluid interface, and two-phase flow and liquid drop dynamics.
4. Study of asymmetric vortex generation mechanism, structural evolution and control of slender bodies of revolution at high angle of attacks
   Using experimental and theoretical methods, it is to study the asymmetric vortex generation mechanism, structural evolution on slender bodies of revolution at high angles of attacks, effect of Reynolds number on asymmetric vortex generation mechanism, structural evolution on slender bodies of revolution at high angles of attacks, and active control method for asymmetric vortex systems.
5. Numerical simulation and experimental study on gas solvent colloidal media explosion cloud process
   Using experimental and numerical methods, it is to study the cloud formation process caused by mixing of gas colloidal media with air and explosion products driven by explosion wave. The focus is on:
   1) Study on the laws governing the formation of explosion clouds, including the driving wave form, multi-phase turbulent mixing flows, cloud form and variations in component concentration, etc.;
   2) Experimental and theoretical studies on the breaking up, merging and phase change of the liquid and solid media in turbulent flow field;
   3) Study on the impact of atmospheric conditions on the formation of explosion cloud, including numerical simulation of the process and motion of the cloud.

Division of Astronomy

1. Structure and evolution of the Galaxy
   This project aims at studying the structure and evolution of the Galaxy using spectroscopic (element content analysis) and optical measurement (star group combination) methods. It includes large sample distribution function of metal contents of stars of the same halo level, measurement of kinematics parameters and star group components, star formation and evolution within the Galaxy at various conditions. It is to provide bases and talent reserve for the implementation of the national major scientific project LAMOST.
2. Study of interactive double stars
   The research content includes studies on various phenomena through astronomical observation of the double stars under the interaction and physical processes, the evolution of double star systems and dynamics, and the observation and theoretical studies on various celestial bodies.

Division of Physics I
Among the 13 Key Program projects announced in the Guide of 2003, nine applications were approved for funding. In the four proposals that were not funded, one will still be announced in the Guide for Applications. According to the arrangement of the Department, the free application method will continue to be on trial use, which means that the application and approval processes are within the same year. In 2003, four applications were received and one got funded. In 2004 the Department plans to fund 12 Key Program projects.
The Division will receive at any time proposals for Key and Major Program projects. Proposals can be any form and any length, but should state clearly the scientific significance, objectives, research basis and research contents. The support for Key Program projects will focus on those research projects that have certain international impact in terms of disciplinary development, or those fundamental physical problems urgently needed in high technology areas that have major national needs. The Division welcomes proposals of Key Program projects from researchers who have made good progress in conducting their General Program projects funded by NSFC.

1. Physical properties of acoustic cavity and applied basic research
   The main contents of this project are:
   1) Formation and burst of single bubbles at different liquid parameters and environmental parameters, physical properties of single bubbles and the chemical composition adjustment and analysis;
   2) Dynamic modeling of bubbles (spherical, non-spherical, single bubble, multi-bubble), and their physical and chemical effects and mechanism of luminescence;
   3) Instantaneous sound induced luminescence driven by super strong ultrasonic sound, and the possibilities of neutron radiation and fusion caused by sound cavity;
   4) Interaction mechanism of sound cavity in acoustic energy studies.
2. Physical study of organic and inorganic composite new photo functional materials
   It is to study new ways and methods for improving the optical properties of luminescence and nonlinear optical response of organic and inorganic composite materials, microscopic process of interaction between various components in organic and inorganic composite optical functional systems, and inherited mechanism of the resulting new optical properties, and to reveal the relation between structures and functions of the optical functional composite systems.
3. High space resolution femto second near field spectroscopy
   The mechanism of interaction between light and matter at high temporal and spatial resolutions can be studied by combining femto second laser and near field optical microscopic techniques This project includes the study on key physical and technical problems associated with femto second laser and near field optics, the development of high temporal and spatial resolution experimental system by combining femto second laser and near field optical microscopic techniques, and the study of the interaction of light and matter using the experimental system and the revealing of the mechanism of interaction of femto second light and matter at mesoscopic or large molecular scales.
4. Atomic structure and atomic process in high temperature dense plasma environment (to be jointly supported with the Division of Physics II)
   Theoretical study: the impact of boundary condition and dynamic interaction in high temperature dense plasma environment to atomic energy level, the interaction of photon, electron and atoms, and relativity effects and other higher order interactions in high temperature and dense conditions.
   Experimental studies: the generation of high temperature and dense plasma environment using super fast and super strong laser and EBIT, etc., and the study of the structures and relation between the spectrum pattern and the environment (related disciplines: plasma and astrophysics) by super fast spectrum and penetration spectrum.
5. Highly ionized atomic physics (to be jointly supported with the Division of Physics II)
   The generation of highly ionized atom and theoretical and experimental studies on the structure and dynamic properties of highly ionized atoms.

Division of Physics II

1. Study of low energy cyclotron virtual sampling technology and low energy strong beam cyclotron (steady phase) technology
   Research contents:
   1) The development of virtual manufacture prototype system for the design, manufacture and test of low energy cyclotron, and the verification of the system applicability and reliability;
   2) The study of technical scheme of low energy strong beam cyclotron (steady phase) and problems of particle dynamics.
2. Research on basic technologies of polarized measurement by synchronous radiation of soft X-rays
   Research contents:
   1) Study of the design, manufacture and test methods of polarized optical devices of soft X-ray radiation, focusing on the manufacture of multi-membranes, and the development of optical devices that can be used for soft X-ray radiation polarized experiment;
   2) Study of the technologies related to soft X-ray radiation polarized measurement, and the development of measurement methods and apparatus needed for the measurement;
   3) Study of the self-rotating magnetic moment, orbit magnetic moment and magnetic hysteresis loop of magnetic materials, etc. by using the above devices, technologies and apparatus.
3. Theoretical research on hardron physics based on the cooling storage ring in Lanzhou
   Research contents:
   1) Study of the recovery mechanism of chiral symmetry damage as the increase of nuclear density, systematic study of the relation between quark, colloid condensation, σ meson and recovery of chiral symmetry;
   2) Heavy particles and resonance structures, and their relation with the recovery of chiral symmetry, the generation of heavy particles by bombardment of CSR energy region neutron, light and heavy ion and the mechanism of resonance;
   3) Variation of property of π,κ,η,ρ mesons with the variation of nuclear density, and the mechanism of condensation of π,κ and the effect on the nuclear state equation;
   4) Prediction on the possibility of generating reaction channels in searching for new resonance state in CSR region p+ p and p+A reactions;
   5) The mechanism of lower and upper thresholds of CSR energy regionπ,κ,η,ρ mesons and super nuclei and decay channels;
   6) Study of A(p,π-)X and p(A,π-)X response mechanism, and the analysis of neutron distribution within neutron abundance nuclei.
4. Experimental and theoretical studies on highly self spinning state of nuclei and some neutron abundant nuclei
   Research contents:
   Measurement of electro magnetic moment of high speed spinning nuclei and some neutron abundant nuclei, super deformed state of nuclei and variations of single particle composition of nuclei, relativity continuous spectrum theory and neutron halo, nuclear structure related to astrophysics, and nuclear reaction and state equation of matters.
5. Research in frontier areas of particle physics
   Research contents:
   In-depth study on the following frontier areas through non-accelerator experiments at surface, underground and in space, and the experiments on extremely high energy and luminescence on electron collider in the future.
   1) Damage mechanism of week electric symmetry;
   2) Super symmetry;
   3) Extra dimension space;
   4) Dark matter and dark energy;
   5) Asymmetry of matter and anti-matter;
   6) Rapid expansion of space.
6. Monte Carlo simulation of high energy particle interactions
   Research content:
   Focusing on the possible new physical processes occurring in the experiments conducted on high energy accelerators and non-accelerator experiments in the international collaboration projects that China participates in, and through Monte Carlo simulation of signals and all possible base processes, it is to determine the online selection criteria and off-line elimination methods in the new physical process.
   Through the above-mentioned researches, competitive physical objectives and experimental schemes can be proposed for the international projects such as CMS, ATLAS, AMS, ARGO, PHENIX, HERMES, etc., so as to take initiative in the future experiments, and to achieve advantageous position in some areas and to lift the international standing of China in particle physics and astrophysics.